{"id":1271,"date":"2020-07-08T14:17:07","date_gmt":"2020-07-08T11:17:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/skilx.cc\/unlix\/?p=1271"},"modified":"2020-07-09T11:26:29","modified_gmt":"2020-07-09T08:26:29","slug":"%d1%88%d0%bf%d0%b0%d1%80%d0%b3%d0%b0%d0%bb%d0%ba%d0%b0-%d0%bf%d0%be-linux-%d0%ba%d0%be%d0%bc%d0%b0%d0%bd%d0%b4%d0%b0%d0%bc","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/skilx.cc\/unlix\/%d1%88%d0%bf%d0%b0%d1%80%d0%b3%d0%b0%d0%bb%d0%ba%d0%b0-%d0%bf%d0%be-linux-%d0%ba%d0%be%d0%bc%d0%b0%d0%bd%d0%b4%d0%b0%d0%bc\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0428\u043f\u0430\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043b\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u043e Linux \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u043c"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u041c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0438 \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0442\u044c \u044d\u0442\u0443 \u0448\u043f\u0430\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043b\u043a\u0443 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434 Linux \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0435\u043c \u0441\u0442\u043e\u043b\u0435. \u0423\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u044b, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0412\u044b \u0431\u044b\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e \u043e\u0441\u0432\u043e\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u044d\u0442\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u044b, \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043d\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0432\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0438\u0445 \u0438\u0437\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438 \u043e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044c \u0441\u043a\u043e\u0440\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0442\u0435 \u044d\u043a\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0442\u043e\u043c \u043f\u043e Linux. <!--more-->\u041a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u044b \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044b \u0432 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043e\u0442 \u0438\u0445 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f. \u0421\u0441\u044b\u043b\u043a\u0438 \u043d\u0430 PDF \u0438 PNG \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0438 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0448\u043f\u0430\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043b\u043a\u0438 \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0446\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0438. \u041c\u044b \u0441\u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u044b Linux \u0432 \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0445 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043b\u0443\u0447\u0448\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f.<\/p>\n<h2><span data-story-id=\"story_7f5d2be28cdc8a282e3c03dfef0cc3ed\" data-room-id=\"room_012382364f50a0e3ac73dbffa1e2530f\" data-timestamp=\"1545259508145\" data-text=\"linux command cheat sheet\" data-userid=\"424227961676005376\" data-orgid=\"425252513286262784\">Linux \u0441\u043f\u0438\u0441\u043e\u043a \u0441\u0430\u043c\u044b\u0445 \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c\u044b\u0445 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434 (cheat sheet)<br \/>\n<\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"#1\">\u0421\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#2\">\u0416\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0437\u043e<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#3\">\u041f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#4\">\u0420\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430 \u0441 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u0430\u043c\u0438<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#5\">\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u044b<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#6\">\u041f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0430 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#7\">\u0421\u0435\u0442\u044c<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#8\">\u0410\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#9\">\u0423\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0430 \u0438\u0437 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#10\">\u0423\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0430 \u0438\u0437 \u0438\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#11\">\u041f\u043e\u0438\u0441\u043a<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#12\">\u0423\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#13\">\u0418\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0430<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#14\">\u041f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0445\u043e\u0434 \u043f\u043e \u0434\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f\u043c<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 id=\"1\">1) \u0421\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430<\/h2>\n<table border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\">\n<colgroup width=\"157\"><\/colgroup>\n<colgroup width=\"438\"><\/colgroup>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\" height=\"20\"><code>uname<\/code><\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u0418\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043e \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0435<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\" height=\"20\"><code>uname -r<\/code><\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u0418\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043e \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0435 Linux<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\" height=\"20\"><code>uptime<\/code><\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u041a\u0430\u043a \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u043a\u0430 (load average)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\" height=\"20\"><code>hostname<\/code><\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u0418\u043c\u044f \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\" height=\"20\"><code>hostname -i<\/code><\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">IP \u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441 \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\" height=\"20\"><code>last reboot<\/code><\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u043e\u043a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\" height=\"20\"><code>date<\/code><\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u0414\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0438 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\" height=\"20\"><code>timedatectl<\/code><\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u0412\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434 \u0438 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0434\u0430\u0442\u044b \u0438 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\" height=\"20\"><code>cal<\/code><\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u0412\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434 \u043a\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u044f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\" height=\"20\"><code>w<\/code><\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u041e\u0442\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u0432 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0435<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\" height=\"20\"><code>whoami<\/code><\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u041e\u0442\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0435 \u0438\u043c\u044f \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\" height=\"20\"><code>finger username<\/code><\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u0418\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043e \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2 id=\"2\">2) \u0416\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0437\u043e<\/h2>\n<table border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\">\n<colgroup width=\"157\"><\/colgroup>\n<colgroup width=\"438\"><\/colgroup>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\" height=\"20\"><code>dmesg<\/code><\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u0412\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434 \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u043a\u0435<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\" height=\"20\"><code>cat \/proc\/cpuinfo<\/code><\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u0418\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043e CPU<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\" height=\"20\"><code>cat \/proc\/meminfo<\/code><\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u0418\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043e\u0431 \u041e\u0417\u0423<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\" height=\"20\"><code>lshw<\/code><\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u0418\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043e\u0431 \u0430\u043f\u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438 (\u0436\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0437\u0435)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\" height=\"20\"><code>lsblk<\/code><\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u0418\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043e \u0431\u043b\u043e\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430\u0445<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\" height=\"20\"><code>free -m<\/code><\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u0421\u0432\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u044c: \u043e\u0437\u0443 \u0438 swap (\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447 <strong>-m<\/strong> \u0432\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434 \u0432 MB)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\" height=\"20\"><code>lspci -tv<\/code><\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u0418\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043e PCI \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430\u0445 \u0432 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435 \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0430<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\" height=\"20\"><code>lsusb\u00a0-tv<\/code><\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u0418\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043e USB \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430\u0445 \u0432 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435 \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0430<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\" height=\"20\"><code>dmidecode<\/code><\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u0418\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043e\u0431 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430\u0445 \u0438\u0437 BIOS<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\" height=\"20\"><code>hdparm\u00a0-i \/dev\/xda<\/code><\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u0418\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043e \u0434\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0435<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\" height=\"20\"><code>hdparm\u00a0-tT \/dev\/xda\u00a0&lt;:code&gt;<\/code><\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u0421\u043a\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0447\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f-\u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e xda<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\" height=\"20\"><code>badblocks\u00a0-s \/dev\/xda<\/code><\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u0422\u0435\u0441\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0435 \u0431\u043b\u043e\u043a\u0438<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2 id=\"3\">3) \u041f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438<\/h2>\n<table border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\">\n<colgroup width=\"157\"><\/colgroup>\n<colgroup width=\"438\"><\/colgroup>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\" height=\"20\"><code>id<\/code><\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u041f\u043e\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043e \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435 (uid, gid, \u0438 \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u044b)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\" height=\"20\"><code>last<\/code><\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0432\u0445\u043e\u0434 \u0432 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0443<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\" height=\"20\"><code>who<\/code><\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440 \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\" height=\"20\"><code>groupadd \"admin\"<\/code><\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u0414\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u0443 &#8216;admin&#8217;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\" height=\"20\"><code>adduser \"Sam\"<\/code><\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u0414\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f Sam<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\" height=\"20\"><code>userdel \"Sam\"<\/code><\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u0423\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f Sam<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\" height=\"20\"><code>usermod<\/code><\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u0418\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f, \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0430 \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2 id=\"4\">4) \u0420\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430 \u0441 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u0430\u043c\u0438<\/h2>\n<table border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\">\n<colgroup width=\"157\"><\/colgroup>\n<colgroup width=\"438\"><\/colgroup>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\" height=\"20\"><code>ls -al<\/code><\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u0421\u043f\u0438\u0441\u043e\u043a \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u0434\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0439<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\" height=\"20\"><code>pwd<\/code><\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u041e\u0442\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0443\u0449\u0443\u044e \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0447\u0443\u044e \u0434\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044e<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\" height=\"20\"><code>mkdir 'directory_name'<\/code><\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u0421\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043d\u043e\u0432\u0443\u044e \u0434\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044e<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\" height=\"20\"><code>rm file_name <\/code><\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u0423\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\" height=\"20\"><code>rm -f filename<\/code><\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0443\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\" height=\"20\"><code>rm -r directory_name<\/code><\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u0423\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0434\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044e \u0440\u0435\u043a\u0443\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\" height=\"20\"><code>rm -rf directory_name<\/code><\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u0423\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0443\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0438 \u0440\u0435\u043a\u0443\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\" height=\"20\"><code>cp file1 file2<\/code><\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u041a\u043e\u043f\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0435 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u0430 file1 \u0432 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u00a0 file2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\" height=\"20\"><code>cp -r dir1 dir2<\/code><\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u0420\u0435\u043a\u0443\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043f\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0434\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438 dir1 \u0432 dir2. dir2 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0430, \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0435\u0442.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\" height=\"20\"><code>mv file1 file2<\/code><\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u041f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c file1 \u0432 file2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\" height=\"20\"><code>ln -s \/path\/to\/file_name\u00a0 \u00a0link_name<\/code><\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u0421\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0438\u043c\u0432\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0443\u044e \u0441\u0441\u044b\u043b\u043a\u0443 \u043a \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u0443 file_name<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\" height=\"20\"><code>touch file_name<\/code><\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u0421\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0443\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b file_name<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\" height=\"20\"><code>cat &gt; file_name<\/code><\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" height=\"20\">\u041f\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u044c STDIN \u0432 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\" height=\"20\"><code>more file_name<\/code><\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" height=\"20\">\u0412\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0435 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u0430 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044f\u043c\u0438<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\" height=\"20\"><code>head file_name<\/code><\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" height=\"20\">\u0412\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u0445 10 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u0430<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\" height=\"20\"><code>tail file_name<\/code><\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" height=\"20\">\u0412\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0445 10 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u0430<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\" height=\"20\"><code>gpg -c file_name<\/code><\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" height=\"20\">\u0417\u0430\u0448\u0438\u0444\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\" height=\"20\"><code>gpg file_name.gpg<\/code><\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" height=\"20\">\u0420\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0438\u0444\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\" height=\"20\"><code>wc<\/code><\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" height=\"20\">\u0412\u044b\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e \u0431\u0430\u0439\u0442, \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u0430<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\" height=\"20\"><code>xargs<\/code><\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" height=\"20\">\u0412\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0443 \u0441 \u0442\u0435\u043c \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0448\u043b\u043e \u0438\u0437 STDOUT<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2 id=\"5\">5) \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u044b<\/h2>\n<table border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\">\n<colgroup width=\"203\"><\/colgroup>\n<colgroup width=\"280\"><\/colgroup>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\" height=\"20\"><code>ps<\/code><\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" height=\"20\">\u0412\u044b\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0443\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0449\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u044b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\" height=\"20\"><code>ps aux | grep 'telnet'<\/code><\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" height=\"20\">\u041f\u043e\u0438\u0441\u043a id \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0430 &#8216;telnet&#8217;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\" height=\"20\"><code>pmap<\/code><\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" height=\"20\">\u041a\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0430 \u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0430<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\" height=\"20\"><code>top<\/code><\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" height=\"20\">\u00a0\u0412\u0441\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0449\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u044b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\" height=\"20\"><code>kill pid<\/code><\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" height=\"20\">\u0417\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441 \u043f\u043e pid<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\" height=\"20\"><code>killall proc<\/code><\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" height=\"20\">\u0417\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u044b \u0441 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043c proc<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\" height=\"20\"><code>pkill process-name<\/code><\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" height=\"20\">\u041e\u0442\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0438\u0433\u043d\u0430\u043b \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0443<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\" height=\"20\"><code>bg<\/code><\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" height=\"20\">\u041e\u0442\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441 \u0432 \u0444\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0435 \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\" height=\"20\"><code>fg<\/code><\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" height=\"20\">\u0412\u044b\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0438\u0437 \u0444\u043e\u043d\u0430 \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439\u0441\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\" height=\"20\"><code>fg n<\/code><\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" height=\"20\">\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441 n \u0432\u044b\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0438\u0437 \u0444\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\" height=\"20\"><code>lsof<\/code><\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" height=\"20\">\u0421\u043f\u0438\u0441\u043e\u043a \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u044e\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u044b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\" height=\"20\"><code>renice 19 PID<\/code><\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" height=\"20\">\u0423\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0430\u043c\u044b\u0439 \u043d\u0438\u0437\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0443<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\" height=\"20\"><code>pgrep firefox<\/code><\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" height=\"20\">find Firefox process ID<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\" height=\"20\"><code>pstree<\/code><\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" height=\"20\">\u0414\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0432<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2 id=\"6\">6) \u041f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0430 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0434\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0439<\/h2>\n<table border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\">\n<colgroup width=\"318\"><\/colgroup>\n<colgroup width=\"641\"><\/colgroup>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\" height=\"20\"><code>chmod octal filename<\/code><\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u0418\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0430 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u0430 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0434\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\" height=\"20\"><\/td>\n<td align=\"left\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\" height=\"20\"><strong>\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u044b<\/strong><\/td>\n<td align=\"left\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\" height=\"20\"><code>chmod 777 \/data\/test.c<\/code><\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u041f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0430 rwx \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0445, \u043a\u0442\u043e \u0438\u043c\u0435\u0435\u0442 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f \u043a \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0443 (\u0432\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0446\u0430, \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u0443, \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\" height=\"20\"><code>chmod 755 \/data\/test.c<\/code><\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u041f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0430 rwx \u043d\u0430 \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0446\u0430 \u0438 r_x \u043d\u0430 \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u0443 \u0438 \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\" height=\"20\"><code>chmod\u00a0766 \/data\/test.c<\/code><\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u041f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0430 rwx \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0446\u0430, rw \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f \u0438 \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\" height=\"20\"><code>chown owner user-file<\/code><\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u0418\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0446\u0430 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u0430<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\" height=\"20\"><code>chown\u00a0owner-user:owner-group file_name <\/code><\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u0418\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0446\u0430 \u0438 \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u0443-\u0432\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0446\u0430 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u0430<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\" height=\"20\"><code>chown owner-user:owner-group directory<\/code><\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u0418\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0446\u0430 \u0438 \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u0443-\u0432\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0446\u0430 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0434\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2 id=\"7\">7) \u0421\u0435\u0442\u044c<\/h2>\n<table border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\">\n<colgroup width=\"318\"><\/colgroup>\n<colgroup width=\"641\"><\/colgroup>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\" height=\"20\"><code>ip addr show<\/code><\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u041f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u044c IP \u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0430 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0445 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441\u043e\u0432<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\" height=\"20\"><code>ip address add 192.168.0.1\/24 dev eth0<\/code><\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u041d\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441 192.168.0.1 \u043d\u0430 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441 eth0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\" height=\"20\"><code>ifconfig\u00a0<\/code><\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u041f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u044c IP \u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0430 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0445 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441\u043e\u0432<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\" height=\"20\"><code>ping\u00a0 host<\/code><\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u041a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430 \u043e\u0442\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 ICMP echo \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u043e\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441 \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043c<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\" height=\"20\"><code>whois domain<\/code><\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u0418\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043e \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\" height=\"20\"><code>dig domain<\/code><\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u041f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044c DNS \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044e \u043e \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\" height=\"20\"><code>dig -x host\u00a0<\/code><\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u041e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\" height=\"20\"><code>host google.com\u00a0<\/code><\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u0420\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0430 \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\" height=\"20\"><code>hostname -i<\/code><\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u041b\u043e\u043a\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0430<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\" height=\"20\"><code>wget file_name<\/code><\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u0421\u043a\u0430\u0447\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\" height=\"20\"><code>netstat -pnltu<\/code><\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u041f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u044b, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0448\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2 id=\"8\">8) \u0410\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f<\/h2>\n<table border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\">\n<colgroup width=\"318\"><\/colgroup>\n<colgroup width=\"641\"><\/colgroup>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\" height=\"20\"><code>tar -cf home.tar home&lt;:code&gt;<\/code><\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u0421\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0432 &#8216;home.tar&#8217; \u0438\u0437 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u0430 &#8216;home&#8217;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\" height=\"20\"><code>tar -xf files.tar<\/code><\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u0420\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b &#8216;files.tar&#8217;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\" height=\"20\"><code>tar -zcvf home.tar.gz source-folder<\/code><\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u0421\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0432 \u0438\u0437 \u0434\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\" height=\"20\"><code>gzip file<\/code><\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u0421\u0436\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b (\u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u0441 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c .gz)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2 id=\"9\">9) \u0423\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0430 \u0438\u0437 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432<\/h2>\n<table border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\">\n<colgroup width=\"318\"><\/colgroup>\n<colgroup width=\"641\"><\/colgroup>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\" height=\"20\"><code>rpm -i pkg_name.rpm<\/code><\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u0423\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0430 \u0438\u0437 rpm \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u0430 (CentOS, RHEL&#8230;)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\" height=\"20\"><code>rpm -e pkg_name<\/code><\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u0423\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0442\u044c rpm \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442 (CentOS, RHEL&#8230;)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\" height=\"20\"><code>dnf install pkg_name<\/code><\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u0423\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442 \u0441 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0449\u044c\u044e dnf \u0438\u0437 \u0440\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f. \u0420\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0441\u044f YUM, \u043d\u043e \u043d\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0432\u043d\u043e <a href=\"https:\/\/skilx.cc\/unlix\/%d0%ba%d0%b0%d0%ba%d0%b0%d1%8f-%d1%80%d0%b0%d0%b7%d0%bd%d0%b8%d1%86%d0%b0-%d0%bc%d0%b5%d0%b6%d0%b4%d1%83-dnf-%d0%b8-yum-centos\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">YUM \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0430 DNF<\/a>. (CentOS, RHEL&#8230;)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\" height=\"20\"><code>apt update<\/code><\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u041e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0440\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438 (Debian, Ubuntu, Mint&#8230;)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\" height=\"20\"><code>dpkg -i pkg_name<\/code><\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u0423\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0438\u0437 deb \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u0430 (Debian, Ubuntu, Mint&#8230;)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\" height=\"20\"><code>dpkg -r pkg_name<\/code><\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u0423\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442 (Debian, Ubuntu, Mint&#8230;)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\" height=\"20\"><code>apt install pkg_name<\/code><\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u0423\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442 \u0438\u0437 \u0440\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f (Debian, Ubuntu, Mint&#8230;)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\" height=\"20\"><code>apt remove pkg_name<\/code><\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u0423\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442 (Debian, Ubuntu, Mint&#8230;)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\" height=\"20\"><code>apt upgrade<\/code><\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u041e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u044b \u0432 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0435 (Debian, Ubuntu, Mint&#8230;)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2 id=\"10\">10) \u0423\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0430 \u0438\u0437 \u0438\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432 (\u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0438\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0438\u044f)<\/h2>\n<table border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\">\n<colgroup width=\"318\"><\/colgroup>\n<colgroup width=\"1086\"><\/colgroup>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\" height=\"20\"><code>.\/configure<\/code><\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0435 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0445 \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c\u044b\u0445 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u043e\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0432 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0435 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0443\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0448\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0438\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0438\u0438<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\" height=\"20\"><code>make<\/code><\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u041d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0438\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0438\u0438<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\" height=\"20\"><code>make install<\/code><\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u0423\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u041f\u041e \u0432 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0443<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2 id=\"11\">11) \u041f\u043e\u0438\u0441\u043a<\/h2>\n<table border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\">\n<colgroup width=\"318\"><\/colgroup>\n<colgroup width=\"370\"><\/colgroup>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\" height=\"20\"><code>grep 'pattern' files<\/code><\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u041f\u043e\u0438\u0441\u043a \u043f\u043e \u043f\u0430\u0442\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0443 \u0432 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u0430\u0445<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\" height=\"20\"><code>grep -r pattern dir<\/code><\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u0418\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0440\u0435\u043a\u0443\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e \u0432\u043e \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0445 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u0430\u0445, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0434\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438 dir<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\" height=\"20\"><code>locate file<\/code><\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u041f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043d\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u0430<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\" height=\"20\"><code>find \/home\/ -name \"index\"\u00a0<\/code><\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u041d\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0438 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u044b \u0441 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043c, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0441 &#8216;index&#8217; \u0432 \u0434\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438 \/home folder<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\" height=\"20\"><code>find \/home -size +10000k<\/code><\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u041d\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0438 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u044b \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0435 10000k \u0432 \u0434\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438 \/home<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2 id=\"12\">12) \u0423\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/h2>\n<table border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\">\n<colgroup width=\"318\"><\/colgroup>\n<colgroup width=\"370\"><\/colgroup>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\" height=\"20\"><code>ssh user@host<\/code><\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u041f\u043e\u0434\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043a \u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443 \u043f\u043e ssh \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043c user<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\" height=\"20\"><code>ssh -p port_number user@host\u00a0<\/code><\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u041f\u043e\u0434\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043a \u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443, \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0438\u043d\u043e\u0439 (\u043d\u0435 22) ssh \u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\" height=\"20\"><code>ssh host<\/code><\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u041f\u043e\u0434\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u043f\u043e-\u0443\u043c\u043e\u043b\u0447\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0443\u0449\u0438\u043c \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043c<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\" height=\"20\"><code>telnet host<\/code><\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u041f\u043e\u0434\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043f\u043e telnet (\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442 23)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2 id=\"13\">13) \u041f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0430 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432<\/h2>\n<table border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\">\n<colgroup width=\"318\"><\/colgroup>\n<colgroup width=\"370\"><\/colgroup>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\" height=\"20\"><code>scp file1.txt server2\/tmp<\/code><\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">Securely copy file1.txt to server2 in \/tmp directory<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\" height=\"20\"><code>rsync -a \/home\/apps\u00a0 \/backup\/<\/code><\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">Synchronize contents in \/home\/apps directory with \/backup\u00a0 directory<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2 id=\"14\">14) \u0418\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0430<\/h2>\n<table border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\">\n<colgroup width=\"318\"><\/colgroup>\n<colgroup width=\"370\"><\/colgroup>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\" height=\"20\"><code>df\u00a0 -h<\/code><\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u041e\u0442\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u043c\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0445 (\u0432 \u0431\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0430\u0445)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\" height=\"20\"><code>df\u00a0 -i\u00a0<\/code><\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u041f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0435 inodes \u043d\u0430 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0435<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\" height=\"20\"><code>fdisk\u00a0 -l<\/code><\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u0418\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043e \u0434\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0445, \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0445 \u0438 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0445<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\" height=\"20\"><code>du\u00a0 -sh<\/code><\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u041e\u0442\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u043c\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0445 \u0441 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0432 \u041c\u0411, \u0413\u0411, \u0422\u0411<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\" height=\"20\"><code>findmnt<\/code><\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u041e\u0442\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0438 \u043c\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\" height=\"20\"><code>mount \/dev\/sdb1 \/mnt<\/code><\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0434\u0435\u043b 1 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0430 sdb \u043a \u0434\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438 \/mnt<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2 id=\"15\">15) \u041f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0445\u043e\u0434 \u043f\u043e \u0434\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f\u043c<\/h2>\n<table border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\">\n<colgroup width=\"318\"><\/colgroup>\n<colgroup width=\"370\"><\/colgroup>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\" height=\"20\"><code>cd ..<\/code><\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u041f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0439\u0442\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043d\u044c \u0432\u044b\u0448\u0435<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\" height=\"20\"><code>cd<\/code><\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u041f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0439\u0442\u0438 \u0432 \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0448\u043d\u044e\u044e \u0434\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044e (\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f $HOME)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\" height=\"20\"><code>cd \/test<\/code><\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u041f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0439\u0442\u0438 \u0432 \u0434\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044e \/test<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u041c\u044b \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u044d\u0442\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u044b <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/skilx.cc\/unlix\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/linux-cheat-sheet.pdf\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff; text-decoration: underline;\"><span style=\"color: #000080; text-decoration: underline;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff; text-decoration: underline;\">\u0432 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435 pdf<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/strong> \u0438 <a href=\"https:\/\/skilx.cc\/unlix\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/linux-cheat-sheet.png\"><strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff; text-decoration: underline;\">\u0432 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435 \u0438\u0437\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f png<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/a>. \u0427\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b cheat sheet \u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e \u0443\u0434\u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0438 \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0442\u044c \u044d\u0442\u0443 \u0448\u043f\u0430\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043b\u043a\u0443 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434 Linux \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0435\u043c \u0441\u0442\u043e\u043b\u0435. \u0423\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u044b, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0412\u044b \u0431\u044b\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e \u043e\u0441\u0432\u043e\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u044d\u0442\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u044b, \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1274,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[32,15,1120],"tags":[280,1296,503,3,398,1068,414,2,1297,149],"class_list":["post-1271","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-32","category-15","category-1120","tag-bash","tag-cheat-sheet","tag-cli","tag-linux","tag-shell","tag-unlix","tag-414","tag-2","tag-1297","tag-149"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 4.9.9 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u041c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442\u0435 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content=\"\u0428\u043f\u0430\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043b\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u043e Linux \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u043c | UNLIX\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u041c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0438 \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0442\u044c \u044d\u0442\u0443 \u0448\u043f\u0430\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043b\u043a\u0443 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434 Linux \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0435\u043c \u0441\u0442\u043e\u043b\u0435. \u0423\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u044b, \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0432\u044b \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439, \u0442\u043e \u043e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044c \u0441\u043a\u043e\u0440\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0442\u0435 \u044d\u043a\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0442\u043e\u043c \u043f\u043e Linux.\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:url\" 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